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Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias

What is it?

It is known that with each heart stroke there is a consistent reduction in its parts - first atria, and then ventricles. Abbreviations follow one another at regular intervals. Arrhythmia refers to violations of frequency, rhythm and sequence of contractions of the heart. Statistics of heart disease and mortality indicate that heart rhythm disturbances, as the cause of death, constitute about 10-15 percent of all heart diseases.

Why does it happen?

A healthy person can be induced by an abundance of food, constipation, tight clothing, insect bites, certain medications, stress. The risk of arrhythmia in people with diabetes is high, especially if it is combined with obesity and high blood pressure. Arrhythmias can occur and for more innocuous reasons: for example, premenstrual syndrome in women is often accompanied by arrhythmias, pains in the heart, sensation of suffocation.

Predisposition to arrhythmias can be transmitted by inheritance, and may be a complication after a surgical operation on the heart. In addition, arrhythmia can be a symptom of a number of diseases:

  • hypertension
  • heart disease, heart failure, ischemic heart disease
  • mitral valve prolapse
  • thyroid disease and a number of other hormonal disorders.

What's happening?

Consistency of the heart is provided by a special cardiac conduction system. These are specialized cells that produce and conduct electrical impulses that guide a consistent contraction of the heart muscle.

An impulse triggering a contraction of the heart is produced in the right atrium, in the so-called sinus node (the rhythm driver). It is this knot that is responsible for the fact that the heart contracts at a frequency of 60-90 beats per minute. Then the signal spreads to the remaining atria, causing them to contract, then to the ventricles. Violations in this system lead to heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias).

Depending on where the disorders occur, all arrhythmias are divided into atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

If the heart rate exceeds 90 beats per minute, they speak of tachycardia. The heart rate may increase with physical or emotional stress (this is a normal reaction of a healthy heart). A rise in body temperature also causes tachycardia. It is believed that an increase in body temperature by 1 degree leads to an increase in the heart rate by 10 strokes. Tachycardia can be a sign of so many diseases, but it can be a variant of the norm.

If the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute, they say bradycardia. Bradycardia can also be for absolutely healthy people. As a rule, it is celebrated among athletes. Moderate bradycardia creates favorable conditions for blood supply to the heart muscle, since blood can only come to it when it is in a state of relaxation (ie between contractions).

It is necessary to distinguish bradisfigmia from bradycardia - a rare pulse at normal heart rate. Bradisphigia is noted if the contractions of the heart do not produce sensed pulse waves.

If the right rhythm of the heartbeats is intertwined premature contraction, talk about ekstrasistolii. The most common causes of extrasystole are vegetative-vascular dystonia, myocarditis, gall bladder disease, smoking or stress.

At one of the most common phases of the cardiac cycle, atrial fibrillation, disappears, namely, atrial contraction. Their muscle fibers lose the ability to work synchronously. As a result, the atria are only chaotically twitching - they flicker. From this and the ventricles begin to contract irregularly.

There are also so-called paroxysmal rhythm disturbances (paroxysm - an attack, suddenly arose condition). Externally healthy people suddenly have an extremely frequent heartbeat - rhythmic or irregular, an attempt to calculate the pulse is simply impossible for an inexperienced person, the frequency of it exceeds 150-200 beats per minute. If the attack lasts longer than an hour and a half hours, there are shortness of breath and pain in the heart. Often the palpitations end as suddenly as they began. The palpitation stops, the person is urgently required to empty the bladder, and a lot of urine is released. If arrhythmias are considered a signal of danger, then paroxysmal disturbances are the most serious of them.

Heart rhythm disturbances in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are very specific. At the time of respiratory arrest, bradycardia develops (slowing the rhythm of the heart), and tachycardia (acceleration of the heart rhythm) is noted in the ventilating phase after apnea. Sometimes the range of vibrations is 30-40 beats per minute, and these jumps can be repeated every minute, and even more often.

Those arrhythmias, which are characterized by a rapid change in the frequency and regularity of the heart rate or a sharp slowing down, the work of the whole heart is violated significantly - so much that the amount of blood discharged into the aorta decreases. And since the most sensitive to "blood starvation" is the brain, a person can experience sudden severe dizziness or even lose consciousness.

Diagnosis

Arrhythmia is not an independent disease, but a symptom of a disease. In principle, it can pass by itself. But if the arrhythmia persists for several hours or if there are complications, you should immediately seek medical help. However, even if the arrhythmia disappeared by itself, one should not postpone the visit to the cardiologist. Repeated rhythm disturbances can occur at any time and end very tragically.

The main symptoms of arrhythmia are a feeling of superfluous or missed heart beats, too fast or slow heartbeats. There may also be feelings of weakness, fatigue, dyspnea; The person pales, there are pains in heart, etc.

To determine the cause of arrhythmia, the arrhythmic surgeon conducts ECG-atropine samples - this is a method based on the removal of a cardiogram after the introduction of an atropine into the vein - a substance that causes a rapid increase in the heart rate. In parallel, the method of phonocardiography examines heart tones and noise. In addition, the usual recording of the human electrocardiogram (ECG), ECG in the state of physical activity, ECG monitoring during the day and ultrasound of the heart - echocardiography.

Treatment

In the direction of the arrhythmologist or cardiologist, transesophageal electrostimulation is performed to restore the heart rate - this method is also used to diagnose arrhythmia. If the arrhythmia is a constant symptom and can not be cured by a drug, then a pacemaker is implanted - an artificial rhythm driver.

If you suffer from arrhythmia attacks, care should be taken to warn them whenever possible. For example, people suffering from arrhythmias, during solar activity - i.e. Magnetic storms - you need to carefully follow the prescriptions of doctors and always have your own medications.


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